Aerospace Global Report 2011 A Clearwater Industrials Team Report
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AEROSPACE GLOBAL REPORT — 2011
Contents
Jon Hustler
Global aerospace & defence sector on the up................................................................ 4
Head of Industrials Clearwater Corporate Finance Llp
Summary of M&A transactions in the aerospace sector............................................. 4 Large-aircraft duopoly facing some competition.........................................................6 Regional jet manufacturers focusing on larger models......................................................7 Grounded by economy, business jet sector is poised for take off........................ 8 Expect sluggish performance for helicopters until 2012.....................................9 Aerospace supply chain — key trends........................................................... 10 Supply chain overview........................... 10 Key trends................................................ 10 Supply chain components.....................11 Engine manufacturers.........................11 Avionics......................................................12 Landing Gear...........................................12 Maintenance, repair and overhaul (MRO) industry...................12 Hot Niche Focus...............................................13 Composites..................................................13 Propulsion.....................................................13 Fuels................................................................13 Blended wing body (BWB) — potential new design...............................13
The global aerospace and defence sector is valued at US$920 billion and has been growing at 8.7 percent CAGR between 2005 and 2009. Whilst the global economic crisis has since had a significant impact, prospects for the sector look positive, with the market predicted to be valued at US$1190 billion by the end of 2014. This is on the back of positive GDP growth, rising incomes, improving health of airlines and underpinned by the large order backlog of both Boeing and EADS. In the UK, the aerospace market is estimated to generate £20 billion of sales per annum and provides 250,000 jobs. Not only do we have world class companies such as BAE Systems and Rolls Royce, but also a whole raft of high quality businesses supplying and supporting this important market. In this report we will look at the drivers of growth and the prospects for the industry in the medium term. We will look specifically at the large aircraft manufacturers, regional and business jet manufacturers and importantly the aerospace supply chain. 2010 has also witnessed an increase in the number of M&A transactions during the year — which have topped 170 in number. In the UK alone more than 15 transactions worth US$505 million have been completed. Against improving order books and profitability we expect the sector to remain a focus of M&A activity and of interest to both corporates and private equity alike. We also look at some of the hot areas of focus in this sector. One particular area is the huge potential market for the supply of composites to the aerospace industry. As demand for more fuel efficient aircraft grows, this demand is expected to increase at an annual average rate of 7 percent over the next decade, and that is a factor in itself which will drive interest in this space. I do hope you find this report of interest.
Appendix: Thumbnail Summaries of Top 25 Aerospace Companies.........................A-i
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Global aerospace & defence sector on the up The global aerospace and incomes, improving health of airlines, and the large order backlogs with airdefence (A&D) sector, valued framers (Boeing, EADS). at US$920.6 billion (2009), grew at 8.7 percent CAGR for the period Strong economic growth expected spanning 2005 to 2009. Defence is in developing markets the largest segment accounting for Demand for air travel is pegged to economic growth. In the around 71.8 percent (US$660.8 billion) second half of 2009 the world’s economy of the sector’s total value, with the rest began to recover from the sharp eco(US$259.8 billion) comprising the civil nomic downturn. On a geographical aviation sector. The United States is the basis, GDP is expected to grow at largest market, accounting for 59 percent of an average 2.7 percent in North the global aerospace and defence sector value, America and 1.9 percent in Eufollowed by Europe with 22 percent share and rope but as fast as 7.4 percent in Asia-Pacific with 19 percent share. Boeing (USA) is China for the next 20 years. With the leading market player with 7.4 percent share of the growth of North American the sector’s value followed by EADS (Netherlands) with and European econo6.5 percent share, Lockheed Martin Corporation (USA) mies expected with 4.9 percent share and BAE Systems Plc (UK) with 3.8 below the percent share. global 20-year average of 3.2 Industry optimistic about growth percent, airline The aerospace industry is hopeful about the future as the passenger and sector is expected to grow at a 5-year CAGR of 5.3 percent fleet growth rates in between 2009 and 2014. The market is predicted to be valued Europe are anticipated at US$1,190.5 billion by end of 2014. This positive outlook to be proportionately slowcan be attributed to a positive GDP growth outlook, rising er in comparison to emerging
M&A Activities at a Glance Number of Transactions Transaction Value (USD mn) Average Transaction Size* (USD mn)
2010 YTD
2009
173
166
10,997
19,493
64
117
Average EV/Revenue
1.1 x
1.7 x
Average EV/EBITDA
9.6 x
7.4 x
Top 3 Regions (2010 YTD)
No. of transactions
Value (USD mn)
United States & Canada
69
8,485
Europe
73
1,163
Asia Pacific
18
1,125
No. of transactions
Value (USD mn)
United States
68
8,485
Russia
17
218
United Kingdom
15
505
China
12
605
France
10
122
No. of transactions
Value (USD mn)
A&D Maintenance & Services
52
2,432
ircraft Systems, A Components & Equipment
68
6,524
Other
53
2,041
Top 5 Countries (2010 YTD)
Activity by Sub-sector
Summary of M&A transactions in the aerospace sector The aerospace sector saw a total of 173 deals, valued at US$10,997 million, during the first 11 months of 2010, surpassing the total number of deals (166) that took place during 2009. The total value of the deals (US$10,997 million vis-à-vis US$19,493 million) and the average deal size (US$190 million vis-à-vis US$320 million) in 2010 witnessed a decline over 2009 primarily because the total deal value during the preceding year was boosted by a single large deal worth US$13.1 billion. This deal was the acquisition of Atitech Spa and it represented almost 67 percent share of total value of all deals that materialized in 2009. Excluding this deal, the dollar volume would have been much lower during 2009 as compared to 2010. During 2010 YTD, the largest deal has been the acquisition of Vought Aircraft holdings Inc. by Triumph Group Inc. for US$1.5 billion. Among countries, the US recorded the highest transaction value of US$8,485 million from a total of 68 transactions, during the first 11 months of 2010. Russia was a distant second with a value of US$218 million from 17 transactions. Among regions, Europe was the clear leader in terms of the number of transactions announced. However, in terms of transaction value, US trumped the rest of the world hands down.
* Average transaction size is calculated on the basis of transactions with disclosed transaction values — 58 deals in 2010 YTD and 61 transactions in 2009. Source: Capital IQ, Clearwater
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A&D Sector — Size (USD billions) 1200 1000 800 600 400
GR r CA
a
4-ye
%
- 8.7
ar 5-ye
GDP Growth Rates — CAGR (2010-2029) .3%
7.4%
R-5
CAG
6.3% 1190.5 4.4%
920.6 3.2%
4.0%
4.0% 2.7%
658.8
2.4%
1.9%
200 0
2005
2009
World
2014 Sources: Data Monitor, Clearwater
economies like China and India. However, these mature markets will see more of replacement demand driven by the need for more fuel-efficient and modern technology aircraft.
Fuel prices, environmental norms to spur aircraft replacement activity Demand is also expected from airlines hamstrung by rising aviation fuel prices as they seek to replace older aircraft with new ones that are more fuel-efficient and use technology that conforms to stricter environment norms of the future. Airlines have made strenuous efforts to restrict their nonfuel cost structures during the past decade, which has risen by only 4.5 percent during this period. However, fuel cost as a percentage of revenue rose from 14 percent in 2001 to around 33.5 percent in 2008, as crude oil prices zoomed from an average US$19 per barrel in the 1990s to US$51 per barrel in the 2000s. A forecast by the US Energy Information Administration indicates that the price of oil will average US$103 per barrel during the 20-year forecast period. This expected upswing in the price of crude oil should motivate airlines to replace older aircraft with more fuel-efficient aircraft. Moreover, an increasing focus on tighter international environment regulations relating to air quality, emissions and noise levels also means that airlines will have to step up retirement of older aircraft, modernize their fleet, technology and infrastructure while improving on the operational front.
China
*Exc. China & India
India
Africa
Latin Middle North Asia Europe America East America Pacific*
Sources: Bombardier market forecasts, Clearwater
New technology aircraft with lower emissions and noise profiles will be able to meet increasingly stringent environmental regulations, such as the Emissions Trading Scheme planned in Europe. Modern aircraft have fuel efficiency of 3.5 litres per 100 passenger kilometers, fly three times farther on the same amount of fuel than they could 30 years ago, and are 20 decibels quieter than they were 40 years ago.
Wealth creation fuels business aircraft demand Worldwide demand for business jets is highly correlated with wealth creation which, in turn, is largely driven by economic growth. In the World Wealth Report 2010, Merrill Lynch and Cap Gemini estimate the world population of High Net Worth Individuals (HNWIs), i.e. people with financial assets to invest of US$1 million or more, increasing by 17 percent to 10 million in 2009 from 2008 levels. Historically, HNWIs and private corporations have accounted for approximately two-thirds of business aircraft sales, and therefore represent a target market. Going forward, thanks to the positive economic outlook wealth creation is expected to accelerate, translating into increased demand for business aircraft; however, the growth rate of demand for business jets might be slower as compared to that for large commercial aircraft and regional jets.
Positive outlook for the airlines The International Air Transport Association (IATA) has forecast annual profits for the airline industry for the first time since March 2008. The IATA expects the revenues of the global airline industry to increase by around 16 percent in 2010 to US$560 billion as compared to revenues of US$483 billion in 2009. Further, airlines the world over are expected to report a combined net profit of around US$9 billion for
2010 as compared to losses of US$16 billion and US$10 billion during 2008 and 2009, respectively. The regional segmentation is in line with GDP growth forecasts and shows airlines of the Asia-Pacific in a much stronger position with 2010 expected net profits of US$5.2 billion as compared to European airlines, which are expected to show slow recovery and register a net loss of US$1.3 billion in the same year.
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Large-aircraft duopoly facing some competition The large commercial aircraft (LCA)segment is marked by fierce rivalry between two players, Airbus and Boeing. Currently, Airbus with revenues of US$36.6 billion in 2009 is the segment leader, but is closely followed by Boeing with revenues of US$34 billion.
Boeing & Airbus — Orders & Delivery Profile 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0
In the longer term, this duopoly 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 YTD Boeing Orders Airbus Orders Boeing Shipments Airbus Shipments may face a challenge as new entrants seek to gnaw Sources: Boeing, Airbus, Clearwater away at the market share of established players. The Boeing in its 2010-2029 market outlook forecasts demand Russian, Chinese and Japanese offerings may start to erode for 28,9801 new aircraft valued at around US$3,530 billion some market share from the traditional players, especially over the next 20 years. This demand is expected to be driven in home markets. Competition is expected from Bombardier by emerging economies on account of favorable economic with its 100-seat C Series at the lower end of the segment, conditions, which are expected to increase the number of air as well as from brand new players who concentrate on the traffic passengers. Civil aerospace build rates and revenues sub-100 seat or at the upper end of the high-volume, narrowultimately depend on demand for air travel, which is linked to body market. However, Boeing and Airbus can produce a economic growth. In terms of region (by volume), 34 percent replacement aircraft that can counter any long-term threats. of this demand will emanate from the Asia-Pacific, while This will be possible once sufficient engineering resource North America and Europe will contribute 22 percent and 24 becomes available with them, which is likely once current percent respectively. Rapidly expanding air service within developments on A380 and B787 are accomplished. China and other emerging economies, coupled with the spread of low-cost carrier (LCC) business models through2009 was a difficult year for the LCA segment. There was out the world, is further anticipated to boost this demand. a significant drop in new orders during 2008 and 2009 at both Boeing and Airbus. However, they managed to remain The above facts also come to light from an analysis of the resilient despite the slowdown and maintained their region-wise breakup of order backlogs of both companies. production run rate thanks to the large backlog that had The balance of backlogs, which once used to be dominated by been built up over the years (especially during the robust mature markets such as U.S, has tilted more towards emerg2005-07 order cycle). ing economies that have sustained growth, seen increasing demand for air travel, and translated into orders for new airGoing forward, the future for these companies/this sector craft. On the other hand, North America and Europe will see looks promising. The combined production pipeline for both demand for fuel-efficient aircraft with oil price predicted to the companies currently stands at around seven years, average US$103 per barrel for the next 20 years. Demand will considering the total backlog of around 6,825 aircraft and also follow from the need to replace ageing fleets in these the predicted annual build rate of around 950 aircraft. markets, once the economy is back on the path of recovery.
1 Excluding regional jets
Aircraft Demand (2010-2029) and Boeing & Airbus Order Backlog by Region Total Demand: 28,980 units
Europe 24%
Middle East 8% Latin America 7%
CIS 3%
Boeing Backlog: 3,469 units
Europe 19%
Middle East & Africa 14% Unidentified 10% Oceania 5%
Africa 2%
North America 22% Asia Pacific 34%
Asia 23%
United States 29%
Airbus Backlog: 3,356 units
Asia Pacific 33%
Middle East & Africa 19% Latin America & Carribean 6%
Europe 23% North America 19%
Sources: Boeing, Airbus, Clearwater
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Regional jet manufacturers focusing on larger models The other important area of commercial aviation is regional jets, which is dominated by Canada’s Bombardier and Brazil’s Embraer. Regional jets are typically considered to be commercial jet transport aircraft with less than 100 seats. However, this definition is being challenged now as large regional jets such as the Embraer E190 (shown above) and E195 and the Bombardier CS100/300, with a capacity of up to 130 passengers, are inching closer to the smallest product offerings by Boeing and Airbus. The big demand thrust in the regional jets segment will come from 60-120 seater aircraft category, as they offer greater passenger capacity and lower operating costs per available seat. Presently, 20-59 seaters remain the largest fleet component within the regional jets segment, but going forward demand for these will be very limited with most of demand expected to emerge out of the need to replace obsolescent aircraft. In line with this expectation, both the regional jet manufacturers are focusing on larger aircraft models. Embraer and Bombardier have offerings in 100+ seat category, which has traditionally been dominated by Boeing and Airbus. Embraer E jets series, comprising E170/175/190/195, can carry up to 120 passengers. Similarly, the Bombardier C series, comprising CS100/300, can ferry up to 130 passengers. Embraer’s backlog profile further substantiates the significant growth that has been taking place in the large regional jets segment. The Embraer E190 jet series, which can seat up to 114 passengers, accounts for 70 percent (185 aircrafts) of the company’s total backlog of 265 aircraft at 2009 end.
Regional Jet Deliveries 200
Embraer in its market outlook 2010-2029 forecasts regional jet demand at around 6,875 aircraft for the next 20 years with a value of around US$200 billion. This comprises demand for 3,495 new aircraft for fleet expansion and 3,380 replacement aircraft. As much as 93 percent (6,400 planes) of this will be for large regional jets, which have a seating capacity in the range of 60-120. The U.S. usually has been the largest market for regional jet deliveries. North America, with an expected 35 percent share in new deliveries, holds on to its dominant position. But Europe/Russia with 28 percent share and China with 14 percent are expected to be the next big markets in terms of deliveries of regional jets, even though their combined market share will be less than that for North America.
Regional Jet Demand by Geography (2010-2029)
232
220
206
Further, more competition can be witnessed in this market with regional jet development increasingly becoming global and with new projects coming up in China, Russia and Japan. The Bombardier C Series and Mitsubishi MRJ were launched in 2008 and 2009, and the Sukhoi Superjet 100 and Avic ARJ21 took off on their maiden flights during this period, dramatically increasing competition in the 80-130-seat market. Sukhoi announced the Superjet 100 to compete in the 100-seat market. But at the same time, orders for both Sukhoi and ARJ-21 have been limited to their home countries or under areas of influence (Eastern Europe in the case of Sukhoi and Asian countries in the case of the ARJ-21), limiting the competitive threat. However, all three aircraft manufacturers will be seeking certification outside of their home markets.
Total: 6,875 units
197 162
150
134
121
100
138
120 98
87
130
112
128 122
China 14%
Asia Pacific Latin 8% America 8%
Middle East 4% Africa 3%
110 Europe 22%
50
Russia/CIS 6%
North America 35%
0 2002
2003
Embraer Shipments
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
Bombardier Shipments Sources: Boeing, Embraer, Clearwater
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Sources: Embraer, Clearwater
Grounded by economy, business jet sector is poised for take off The business jet segment is the most economically sensitive segment in the civil aerospace industry as business jet demand and usage is a function of corporate performance/profitability, which, in turn, is dependent on the economic climate. This segment was therefore the most affected by the recession as compared to the large commercial aircraft and regional jets segments. Recession had a significant impact leading to order cancellations, and a drop in build rates at all major manufacturers. Business jet shipments worldwide declined by around 34 percent to 870 aircraft during 2009 from 1,313 aircraft during 2008. In fact, the business jet industry was so much impacted by the recession that cancellations exceeded gross orders in 2009 and resulted in negative net orders, significantly reducing order backlogs at companies and as a result their aircraft deliveries. The backlogs of business jet manufacturers fell to around 1,300 units by 2009 end from the peak of around 3,000 units in 2008. The business jets segment includes players such as Cessna, Bombardier, Dassault, Gulfstream, Embraer and HawkerBeech. Cessna has historically dominated this market with an average 35 percent share of the worldwide business jet shipments from 1999 to 2009. Bombardier is the next big player with an average of 21 percent share in business jet shipments over the same period.
Total shipment in value terms is expected to almost double to US$254 billion by 2019 as compared to US$127 billion during 2009. Geographically, North America and Europe are expected to drive demand with North America predicted to account for 42 percent of the total shipments during 20102019 followed by Europe with 24 percent share. Also, China and India are expected to drive demand with anticipated requirement of 600 and 325 business jets, respectively, over the same period (2010-2019).
Business Jet Deliveries (no.) and YoY growth (%)
The worldwide business jet fleet comprised 14,200 aircraft at the end of 2009 and is forecast to grow at 3.6 percent CAGR to approximately 29,000 aircraft by 2029. During the period 2000-2009, 6,500 business jets were shipped, with expectation that this number will increase to 10,500 by 2019 and to 15,500 by 2029. Sources: GAMA, Clearwater
Business Jets — Market Forecasts 450
Business Jets Market Share (2009)
15,500
400 350 10,500
12,000
250
10,000 6,500
8,000
150
0
Other 11%
4,000 127
254
407
2000-2009
2010-2019
2020-2029
Gulfstream 11%
Cessna 33%
Hawker Beechcraft 11%
6,000
100 50
16,000 14,000
300 200
18,000
2,000
Embraer 14%
0
Bombardier 20%
Value of business jets shipped (USD billion) No. of business jets shipped (RHS) Sources: Bombardier, Clearwater
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Sources: GAMA, Clearwater
Expect sluggish performance for helicopters until 2012 Helicopters play a very important role not only in transportation, but also in construction, fire fighting, search and rescue, and military applications. The recession also dealt a blow to the helicopters segment with segmental growth falling to 7 percent during 2008 and to 5.7 percent in 2009, respectively. Helicopters, as a segment, had clocked double-digit growth during 2007.
Global Helicopter Market Share (2009)
The major players in the helicopter market are Eurocopter, Agusta Westland (AGW), Bell Helicopter, Sikorsky, McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Systems (MDHI), and Boeing Rotorcraft systems. The market for civil helicopters is currently dominated by a couple of firms — Eurocopter and AGW. Eurocopter’s civil market share has been relatively stable since 2005 (slightly above 50 percent). On the other hand, the military helicopter market looks quite different with Sikorsky dominating the scene with around 31 percent share followed by Eurocopter with around 21 percent share. In the civil helicopter market, Europe is the global leader with players such as Eurocopter and Agusta Westland. Eurocopter is the largest European manufacturer of helicopters and a world market leader in the civil category of the sector. Across the world, there are more than 10,000 Eurocopter helicopters operating for about 2,800 customers.
Civil
Mil/Kamov 3% MDHI 4%
HAL 1% Other >1%
Sikorsky 6%
Bell 15%
Eurocopter 53% AGW 18%
Military
Other RoW 2%
Russian Heli 14%
Japanese 3% HAL 2%
Eurocopter 21%
Boeing 10% Sikorsky 31%
Europe also has been at the forefront in terms of technology. Eurocopter has introduced many new technologies and components in the civil helicopter segment for retaining its market leadership position. Some of these technologies include 100-percent glass cockpits, the bearing-free rotor system, a fully synthetic cabin, “flyby-wire” and “fly-by-light” technology etc. According to estimates by research firm Frost & Sullivan, the civil helicopter segment is expected to expand from 24,625 units in 2009 to 36,946 units by 2015. Slack demand and lower production levels are expected in 2011 and 2012, but double-digit growth is seen thereafter. It is also foreseen that up to 22 percent of new helicopters will be sold over the next five years to customers based out of Asia Pacific, Africa and the Middle East.
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Bell 11% AGW 6% Sources: Eurocopter, Clearwater
Aerospace supply chain — key trends Typical Aerospace Supply Chain
Key trends Globalisation of aerospace manufacturing: Cost reduction, ability to focus on core business, and increased speed to market are the main factors driving the globalisation/outsourcing in aerospace sector manufacturing. E.g. EADS sourced aircraft components worth US$43 billion from across the globe. The company uses European suppliers and does the final assembly in France. Bombardier uses North American suppliers and does the final assembly in Montreal. Increasingly, Boeing and EADS look upon themselves as large-scale system integrators rather than aeroplane manufacturers.
Primes/Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) Includes: design, assembly, integration & service Companies: Boeing, EADS - Aibus
Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul Industry
Tier 1 Suppliers Includes: structure, propulsion, pneumatic system, flight control, navigation, fuel system, electrical power, etc. Engines: Rolls-Royce, GE Aviation Wings: BAE plc Undercarriage: Smiths
Tier 2 Suppliers Includes: suppliers of hydraulic pumps, motors, controls, etc.
Further, OEM integrators such as Airbus and Boeing are shifting their production to low cost China, India, Malaysia, Singapore and other Asian countries. It is estimated that savings of around 20 to 30 percent can be achieved by companies even after considering the transportation and others costs.
Tier 3 Suppliers Includes: suppliers of components and parts such as solenoid, piston, O' Ring, cylinder & connectors
Aerospace supply chain overview Aerospace supply chain broadly includes primes/original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), Tier 1 suppliers, Tier 2 suppliers and Tier 3 suppliers. The design, manufacturing and assembly function controlled by primes (e.g. Boeing, EADS), is the most critical component of the value chain and is characterized by stiff entry barriers due to related high cost and technological requirements. Primes are supported by Tier 1 suppliers who are responsible for providing them with equipments and systems such as engines, flight control systems, fuel system etc. Tier 2 suppliers manufacture and develop parts as per the specifications provided by primes and Tier 1 suppliers, while Tier 3 vendors are responsible for supplying basic products and components to vendors that are higher up in the hierarchy. The Tier 1 supplier’s market comprises players such as RollsRoyce (engines), GE Aviation (engines), and BAE Plc (wings) who generally have exclusive supplier contracts with OEMs. Further, down the pecking order, the industry features numerous small and medium sized firms who support Tier 1 vendors by supplying components and subsystems. The supply chain gets support from the aftermarket industry (Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul) which handles the maintenance and up-gradation of an aeroplane. The Tier I & Tier II manufacturers were impacted to a greater extent by the slowdown compared to OEMs, who were saved by the long-term nature of their orders. But the cash position of OEMs was affected due to payment deferrals by customers and widespread cancellation of orders, which, in turn, impacted Tier I and Tier II manufacturers to a large extent.
Shift of MRO base from OEMs to suppliers: As original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have started to focus more on their core competencies (aircraft overall design, architecture, integration, and final assembly and delivery to end customers), and with technology becoming more complicated, it requires specialized services to manage MRO requests efficiently. Compared to the 1970s-80s, when U.S carriers used to manage more than 80 percent of their aircraft maintenance in-house, the current comparable figure is only around 20 percent. Also, OEMs are searching for avenues to reduce manufacturing costs by outsourcing more to Tier 1 OEMs; “design to build” packages rather than just “build to print”. This passing forward of responsibility to suppliers has reduced procurement costs, with the resultant cost savings invested in new products, services, and capital equipment. Integration between OEMs and Tier I suppliers: Airframe manufacturers and Tier 1 suppliers are becoming large scale integrators and co-coordinators of aeroplane production, while aligning themselves to share the associated risk. The aerospace industry is moving towards greater dependence on Tier 1s and increased risk sharing by suppliers. There is more focus on system integration, less internal production capability, and a desire to work with a lesser number of Tier 1 primes. Simultaneously, there has been a significant reduction in dealings with Tier 2 and Tier 3 suppliers. For instance, Embraer had about 350 suppliers for their EMB145 aircraft, of which four were risk sharing. On the other hand, there were 38 suppliers for Embraer’s EMB170/190 aircraft, of which 16 were risk sharing. Similarly, Rolls Royce had about 250 suppliers for their Trent 500 engine, which came down to 140 suppliers for the Trent 900, 75 suppliers for the Trent 1000 and it is estimated that there would be only around 25 to 35 suppliers for the engine being developed for the single aisle/narrow body aircraft.
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2010 is expected to have posed a challenge for Tier I & II suppliers, as well as for small part manufacturers. This is on account of a huge inventory build-up of small replacement parts with airlines and MROs due to deferred maintenance activities by airlines during the downturn. The value of this inventory is estimated to be around US$40 billion, which being greater than the word wide MRO expenditure is indicative of a difficult 2010 for Tier I, Tier II and small part suppliers.
Aerospace supply chain components Manufacturing in the aerospace sector is a complex process and involves production of various components having different technological requirements. It is estimated that airframe and engine together account for around 65 percent of the total production cost of an aircraft, while systems and avionics put together account for another 25 percent. Following are the details relating to major markets and players in these major component categories:
Engine manufacturers Aircraft manufacturers rely on specialized engine manufacturers for propelling their products. In many cases, this gives airlines an opportunity to choose between two or more engine types, when they buy an aircraft. The engine manufacturing segment can be broken down into three sub-
Components value as a % of aircraft value Landing Gear 4% Airframe 38%
Interior 6% Avionics 11% Systems 14%
Engine 27%
Sources: Wipro, Clearwater
Engine mfg: Market shares by volume Others 5% Rolls-Royce 15% International Aero Engines 11%
Pratt & Whitney 6% Engine Alliance >1%
CFM International 42%
GE Aviation 20%
Sources: EU AI Report, Clearwater
categories: Turbofan, Turboprop and Turbo shaft. Turbofans are mostly used in commercial and military aircraft; Turboprops are mostly used in business and regional jets while Turboshafts are primarily used in helicopters and some vertical takeoff/landing aircraft. This segment features high share of MRO as a percentage of total segmental sales. The largest part of revenue and profit margin for engine manufacturers comes from the sale of spare parts, the rent of engines and maintenance activity. The engine manufacturing market is oligopolistic by nature and is dominated by three major manufacturers: GE Aviation (a subsidiary of General Electric, based in Evendale, Ohio, USA), Pratt & Whitney (P&W, a subsidiary of United Technologies Corporation , UTC, based in Hartford, Connecticut, USA), and Rolls Royce (Derby, UK). Another important engine manufacturer is Snecma (Courcouronnes, France). This industry also features joint ventures primarily for risk sharing purposes as engine manufacturing requires high-end technological expertise and large upfront investments. For the LCA market, there are two major joint ventures – “International Aero Engines” (P&W: 32.5 percent, Rolls-Royce: 32.5 percent, JAEC: 23 percent and MTU aero engines: 12 percent) and “CFM International”, a 50:50 joint venture between GE and Snecma. CFMI is the world’s market leader in narrowbody aircraft propulsion and produces the CFM56, which for the first 25 years was the only engine for the Boeing 737 family and later for the Airbus A340-200/300 family. In 1996, General Electric and Pratt & Whitney formed another 50/50 joint venture the “Engine Alliance” in order to develop, manufacture, sell and support a family of modern technology engines for new high-capacity, long-range aircraft. This GP7200 engine was originally meant for the Boeing 747-500/600Xprojects, before these were cancelled due to a lack of demand from airlines. Instead, the engine has been re-optimized for use on the Airbus A380 and is competing with the Rolls-Royce Trent 900, the launch engine for this aircraft. Apart from the large OEMs and the corresponding joint ventures (with a regional emphasis on the U.S), there are several first and second tier suppliers in the global engine market in Europe such as MTU Aero Engines of Germany, Volvo Aero of Sweden, Avio S.p.A. of Italy, and ITP Engines of the UK.
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The engine manufacturing outlook seems positive with demand anticipated to be driven by need for greener, more fuel-efficient engines due to the extreme pressure, jet emissions put on the environment. There will arise a demand for 141,000 engines, worth over US$800 billion, over the next 20 years. Most of this demand is expected to emerge out of the faster growing markets of Asia, the Middle East and Latin America. Mature markets of Europe and North America will also see demand as airlines seek to replace thousands of older aircraft. The after-market and services opportunity created by these deliveries is estimated at around US$600 billion over their service lives.
Engines delivery summary (2009-2028) Sector
Units
Value (US$ bn)
Large Commercial Aircrafts
52,249
631
Regional Aircrafts
14,384
44
Business Jets
72,409
103
Freighters
Total
2,140
44
141,182
822
Sources: Rolls-Royce, Clearwater
Avionics Avionics/aviation electronics, comprise electronic aircraft systems like fly-by-wire (or even fly-by-light) flight controls, system monitoring, anti-collision systems and pilot assistant/ interface systems like communication, flight management systems, navigation, or weather forecast.
Maintenance, repair & overhaul (MRO) industry The worldwide airline MRO market valued at US$45.7 billion (2009) consists primarily of airframe maintenance, engine and component work as well as line maintenance. On an average, the aerospace industry spends more annually on MRO than on manufacturing or development. The greatest share of revenue from MRO is derived from engine maintenance (43 percent of total revenues) followed by heavy maintenance visits and modifications (21 percent of total revenue). The regional distribution of MRO is similar to that for the global air transport market, with a centre of gravity in North America followed by Western Europe and the emerging Asia-Pacific region. MRO grew strongly in recent years in line with air traffic. But this upswing came to an end in 2008, with business slowing down during fourth quarter of 2008. The global MRO industry is expected to reach US$50 billion by 2015 and to US$65 billion by 2020. This implies 5-year CAGRs of 3.5 percent and 5.3 percent over 2010-2015 and 2015-2020, respectively. The MRO markets of China and India will clock CAGRs of 9.6 percent and 9.4 percent, respectively, over 2010-2020. On the other hand, North American, Western European and African markets are expected to register somewhat slower CAGRs of 1.6 percent, 3.6 percent and 3.5 percent, respectively, over the same period against a global CAGR of 4.4 percent.
Global MRO Components (2010E) Total Value: US$ 42 Billion
European competencies in avionics include pilot nightvision systems for helicopters, Traffic alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) or the fly by wire technology. Airbus and Eurocopter were first in the world to introduce this technology in civil aircraft and helicopter. Thales, Diehl Aerospace and Liebherr Aerospace are major European suppliers of flight avionics. Rockwell Collins, Honeywell International, L-3 Communications are major players in the global avionics market.
Heavy maintenance visits & modifications 21%
Engines 43%
Lines 18%
Components 18%
Landing gear
Sources: TeamSAI, Clearwater
The landing gear market for LCA is a duopoly between Messier-Dowty (a subsidiary of Safran) and Goodrich. Both of them offer a complete range of landing gear and are the principal suppliers to Airbus and Boeing. Liebherr, the third player in the segment, produces landing gear for regional and business jets. In the medium term, Liebherr may penetrate the LCA market, and disturb the prevalent duopoly.
Global MRO market size: 2008-2020 70
US$65bn
60
The segment’s cooperation with OEMs remains strong since landing gear needs to integrate with the structure of the aircraft. Like the propulsion system, the landing gear also needs maintenance. Services too make up a significant portion of total sales. For instance, services make up 48 percent of landing gear activity for the Safran Group.
US$50bn
50
US$46bn
40
10
30
8
8
9
8
19
18
21
2008
2010
2015
20 10
US$43bn 9
10 9
14 12 13
10 26
0 2020
Engines Components Lines Heavy maintenance visits & modifications Sources: TeamSAI, Clearwater
Page 12
Niche Focus Composites There is a huge potential market for suppliers of composites to the aerospace sector, as demand for more fuel-efficient aircraft grows. It is estimated that demand for composite engine structures during 2007 aggregated about 1.49 million pounds (675.85 metric tonnes), representing a market value of US$400 million to US$450 million. This demand is expected to grow at an average annual rate of 7 percent over the next decade, reaching a high of 2.92 million pounds (1324.49 metric tonnes) in 2016. Aircraft manufacturers are focused on creating fuelefficient and environment-friendly aircraft. One avenue towards achieving this objective is to develop light-weight aircraft by using new materials and composites as fuel consumption varies inversely with the lift-to-drag ratio of an aircraft at cruise speeds. Lift-to-drag ratios can be improved by making changes in the overall aircraft design. The higher the lift-to-drag ratio of an aircraft, the lesser is the energy needed to keep it aloft. Aluminum and titanium are traditional aerospace materials, but they also lend more weight to the final product which consequently increases the consumption of fuel. Today, there is increasing use of composite materials to reduce weight and maintenance costs of an airplane. Unlike aluminum, composites are 20 - 35 percent lighter, have a higher strengthto-weight ratio and can be made available in complex shapes associated with modern aircraft. Although composites are relatively more expensive at present, their costs are expected to decline significantly through the automation of manufacturing processes and by achieving economy of scale. Boeing was the first commercial aircraft manufacturer to design and manufacture 50 percent (by weight) of the airframe structure, including the entire hull of its new B787 Dreamliner, from composite materials compared to the original Boeing 737, only 5 percent of which was constituted from composite material. The use of composites also allows extending the time between heavy maintenance “D-check” intervals by up to 10-12 years, in contrast to the usual six years for planes such as Boeing 767 or Airbus A330. America’s Hexcel is a global leader in advanced structural materials. HITCO Composite Materials (U.S) and Toho Tenax (Japan) are also leading producers of carbon fibre. The only European company making composite materials and having revenues over €1 billion is TenCate (Dutch).
Whitney is developing the Geared Turbofan (GTF) concept. Both technologies seem to be extremely promising in terms of emission reduction and fuel efficiency, but the GTF concept looks closer to its market launch with GTF (PW1000G) being selected as a power source for Bombardier C-series and Mitsubishi regional jets. The engine, scheduled to enter service in 2013, is expected to provide double-digit improvements in fuel efficiency and emissions with a 50 percent reduction in noise over today’s engines. If this engine has successful runs over time, then its larger version can probably be seen as a contender for the Airbus and Boeing narrow body replacements that are still probably on track for the 2020 timeframe.
Fuels The aerospace industry is exploring possibilities of alternative fuels to decrease vulnerability to oil price variability, reduce general dependency on crude oil and cut down emissions. The fuel crisis in 2008 has shown how sensitive airlines react to rapidly rising fuel prices. The development of sustainable, secure bio-fuels—produced from renewable, abundant biological resources rather than traditional fossil fuels—may reduce the industry’s exposure to oil price fluctuations and have far-reaching environmental benefits. Biofuels are generally derived from feed stock of one of two key sources, namely, plants with high sugar content (e.g. corn and sugar cane) and plants that are rich in bio-derived oils (e.g. soybeans, algae). Bio-fuels produced from the first source of feed stock, including ethanol, are generally referred to as first-generation bio-fuels and are ill-suited for high-end applications like aviation. On the other hand, second-generation bio-fuels made up of bio-derived oil can be chemically processed to make high-quality jet fuel and diesel. However, it is expected to take many years, more investment in R&D and scaling up of production and refining capacity before bio-fuels can completely supplant traditional, kerosene-based jet fuel for large scale use in civil aviation. Airlines are also showing signs of commitment for advancing their development in the bio-fuel arena. Nearly 20 major carriers—including several of the US’ largest passenger and cargo airlines—have entered into nonbinding purchasing commitments with producers of alternative fuels.
Blended wing body (BWB) ― potential new design
Propulsion In the propulsion segment the major two competing future concepts are the Geared Turbofan (GTF) and the Open Rotor. GE and Rolls-Royce are pursuing research on open rotor engines with a belief that open rotor technology has the ability to reduce fuel burn by 26 percent over the currently available conventional engines. On the other hand, Pratt &
The BWB aircraft is another technological advancement leading towards the creation of more fuel-efficient aircraft. One such aircraft is likely to be introduced by an American-led company or consortium. The US air force already operates such an aircraft - Northrop Grumman B2 Bomber and has therefore already developed the required key-technologies like avionics, engine integration and structures. As per NASA and industry studies - the BWB aircraft would consume over 20 percent less fuel than a comparable conventional aircraft and would be lighter, and make less noise. Simultaneously, this aircraft would also emit lesser gases, and cost less to operate, than an equally advanced conventional transport aircraft.
Page 13
Appendix: Thumbnail Summaries of Top 25 Aerospace Companies1 1: Boeing Brief description
From the iconic 747 to the all-new 787 Dreamliner, Boeing delivers a family of technologically advanced and efficient airplanes to customers around the world. It is a leader in providing large-scale systems that combine sophisticated communications networks with air-, land-, sea- and space-based platforms for military, government and commercial customers around the world.
Country
United States Year/Business Segments
Business Segments
Revenues
2009
49,105
Commercial Airplanes (49.9%) Defence, space & security (49.3%) Other (0.8%)
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
49,105
18.0%
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
1,507
3.1%
24,488
(419)
-1.7%
24,208
2,373
9.8%
409
(446)
NA
2008
41,626
-14.2%
2,699
6.5%
2007
48,517
-1.1%
4,261
8.8%
2: EADS
Brief description
EADS is a Dutch company that specializes in aerospace, defence and related services. The company operates across four segments. The first segment is Airbus Commercial, which is involved in the development, manufacture, marketing and sale of commercial jet aircraft. The second is Airbus Military for developing, manufacturing, marketing and selling military transport aircraft as well as special mission aircraft. The third segment called Eurocopter develops, markets, maintains and sells civil and military helicopters. The fourth one of Defence and Security develops, markets and sells missiles systems, military combat and training aircraft. EADS is also involved in the provision of defence electronics, training, testing, and engineering services. The Astrium division develops, manufactures, markets and sells satellites, orbital infrastructure and launchers.
Country
France Year/Business Segments
Business Segments
Revenues
2009
42,822
Airbus - Commercial (60.2%)
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
42,822
-1.0%
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
(380)
-0.9%
25,785
363
1.4%
AIrbus - Military (4.7%)
2,008
(1,756)
-87.5%
Eurocopter (9.9%)
4,231
262
6.2%
Defence & Security (11.7%)
5,028
437
8.7%
Astrium (11.2%)
4,786
257
5.4%
Other (2.3%)
57
NA
2008
43,265
984 10.6%
2,772
6.4%
2007
39,123
-0.8%
(33)
-0.1%
3: Lockheed Martin Brief description
Lockheed Martin Corporation is a global security company engaged in research, design, development, manufacture, integration, and sustainment of advanced technology systems and products. The company also offers a range of management, engineering, technical, scientific, logistic, and information services. The company operates in four business segments: Aeronautics, Electronic Systems, Information Systems & Global Services, and Space Systems.
Country
United States Year/Business Segments
Revenues
2009
Business Segments
32,498
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
32,498
11.3%
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
3,212
9.9%
Aeronautics (27%)
8,774
1,134
12.9%
Electronic Systems (27%) Information Systems & Global Services (26.8%) Space Systems (19.2%)
8,777
1,147
13.1%
8,723
727
8.3%
6,224
699
11.2%
(496)
NA
Other 2008
29,203
-4.5%
3,507
12.0%
2007
30,594
-3.1%
3,308
10.8%
1 Companies are ranked as per their revenues from aerospace sector for the last reported fiscal year. To arrive at company’s aerospace revenue we have used the segmental data reported in company’s filings/annual reports. All the numbers reported in this section are in € millions. For the companies having reporting in currency other than €, we have used average annual exchange rate to convert the figures in €.
Appendix A-i
4: General Dynamics Brief description
General Dynamics Corporation offers a portfolio of products and services in business aviation, combat vehicles, weapons systems & munitions; shipbuilding design & construction, and information systems, technologies & services. General Dynamics operates through four business groups: Aerospace, Combat Systems, Marine Systems, and Information Systems and Technology. The Company’s main customers are the United States Department of Defence and the intelligence community.
Country
United States Year/Business Segments
2009
Business Segments
Revenues
22,999
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
22,999
14.9%
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
2,643
11.5%
Aerospace (16.2%)
3,719
508
13.7%
Combat Systems (30.2%)
6,936
908
13.1%
Marine Systems (19.9%) Information Systems & Technology (33.8%) Corporate
4,576
462
10.1%
828
10.7%
7,768
(63)
2008
20,024
0.6%
2,496
12.5%
2007
19,908
3.8%
2,275
11.4%
5: Northrop Grumman Brief description
Northrop Grumman is an integrated enterprise consisting of businesses that cover the entire security spectrum, from undersea to outer space and into cyberspace. The company operates in five segments: Aerospace Systems, Electronic Systems, Information Systems, Shipbuilding and Technical Services.
Country
United States Year/Business Segments
2009
Business Segments
Revenues
19,202
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
9.9%
1,786
7.4%
Aerospace Systems (30.9%)
7,493
79.1%
770
10.3%
Electronic Systems (22.7%)
5,517
81.6%
697
12.6%
Information Systems (25.5%)
6,193
2.5%
454
7.3%
Shipbuilding (18.4%)
4,468
215
4.8% 5.8%
Technical Services (8.2%)
24,275
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
1,996
116
Other (-5.7%)
(1,392)
(466)
NA
2008
22,084
-0.4%
(180)
-0.8%
2007
22,174
-7.2%
2,138
9.6%
6: Raytheon
Brief description
Raytheon Company, together with its subsidiaries, develops products, services and solutions in defence markets; sensing, effects, command, control, communications and intelligence (C3I), and mission support, as well as the cybersecurity and homeland security markets. The company serves both domestic and international customers, principally as a prime contractor on a portfolio of defence and related programs for government customers. It operates in six business segments Integrated Defence Systems (IDS), Intelligence and Information Systems (IIS), Missile Systems (MS), Network Centric Systems (NCS), Space and Airborne Systems (SAS) and Technical Services (TS).
Country
United States Year/Business Segments
2009
Business Segments
Revenues
17,893
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
17,893
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
13.0%
2,188
12.2% 15.5%
Integrated Defence Systems (22.2%) Intelligence & Information Systems (12.9%) Missile Systems (22.4%)
3,973
22.2%
618
2,304
12.9%
186
8.1%
3,999
22.4%
434
10.9%
Network Centric Systems (19.4%)
3,468
19.4%
485
14.0%
Space & Airborne Systems (18.4%)
3,295
18.4%
465
14.1%
Technical Services (12.7%)
2,273
12.7%
155
6.8%
Others (-7.9%)
(1,420)
-7.9%
(155)
NA
2008
15,837
1.7%
1,791
11.3%
2007
15,567
-0.9%
1,720
11.1%
Appendix A-ii
7: United Technologies
Brief description
United Technologies Corp. provides high-end technology products and services to the building systems and aerospace industries. This company operates in six segments: Otis, Carrier, UTC, Fire & Security, Pratt & Whitney, Hamilton Sundstrand and Sikorsky. Otis offers elevators, escalators and coastal traffic management systems. Carrier offers elevators, escalators, moving walkways and services, heating, ventilating and air conditioning and refrigeration systems, equipment, and food service equipment. UTC Fire & Security offers fire and special hazard detection, suppression systems and firefighting equipment, security, monitoring and rapid response systems and service and security personnel services. Pratt & Whitney offers commercial, military, business jet and general aviation aircraft engines, parts and services, industrial gas turbines, geothermal power systems and space propulsion, while Hamilton Sunstrand offers aerospace products and after-market services. Sikorsky, in turn, offers military and commercial helicopters, after-market helicopter and aircraft parts.
Country
United States Year/Business Segments
Revenues
2009
Business Segments
38,058
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
17,615
-6.8%
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
4,649
12.2%
Otis (22.3%)
8,471
1,760
20.8%
Carrier (21.6%)
8,208
532
6.5%
UTC Fire & Security (10.5%)
3,978
355
8.9%
Pratt & Whitney - Engines (23.8%)
9,045
1,320
14.6%
Hamilton Sundstrand (10.6%)
4,027
616
15.3%
Sikorsky - Helicopters (11.9%)
4,544
437
9.6%
Other (-0.6%)
(214)
(370)
NA
2008
40,839
0.3%
5,211
12.8%
2007
40,718
6.8%
5,152
12.7%
8: BAE Systems Brief description
BAE Systems Plc delivers a range of products and services for air, land and naval forces, as well as advanced electronics, security, information technology solutions and customer support services. The company has five segments: Electronics, Intelligence & Support, Land & Armaments, Programmes & Support, International and HQ & Other Businesses.
Country
United Kingdom Year/Business Segments
Revenues
2009
Business Segments
22,415
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
16,188
20.9%
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
982
4.4%
Electronics, Intelligence & Support (25.1%)
5,637
742
13.2%
Land & Armaments (30.1%)
6,738
(441)
-6.5%
Programmes & Support (28.1%)
6,298
655
10.4%
International (19%)
4,253
406
9.5%
254
(350)
NA
HQ & Other businesses (1.1%) Others (-3.4%)
(30)
NA
2008
18,543
(765) 18.0%
1,718
9.3%
2007
15,710
14.1%
1,177
7.5%
9: Finmeccanica
Brief description
Based in Italy, Finmeccanica is a holding company for manufacturing products that find application in fields as diverse as civil and defence aviation, satellites, space research, energy, telephony and energy. In addition to manufacturing helicopters for military and civil use, the company makes air, airport and coastal traffic management systems. Under the aeronautics segment, the company makes tactical airlifters, combat aircraft and air vehicles for both civil and military applications in addition to developing and positioning telecommunications as part of its space business. Apart from this, Finmeccanica produces defence systems and offers systems for power generation and dabbles in the transportation solutions arena and other activities like satellite telephony and investment services.
Country
Italy Year/Business Segments
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
1,392
7.7%
2,641
240
9.1%
909
43
4.7%
Helicopters (19.1%)
3,480
364
10.5%
Defence & Security Electronics (37%)
6,718
615
9.2%
Defence Systems (6.6%)
1,195
124
10.4%
Energy (9.1%)
1,652
142
8.6%
Transportation (10%)
1,811
-9
-0.5%
2009 Aeronautics (14.5%) Space (5%)
Business Segments
Other (-1.3%)
Revenues
18,176
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
14,943
20.9%
(127)
NA
2008
15,037
(230) 12.0%
1,210
8.01%
2007
13,429
7.7%
1,084
8.1%
Appendix A-iii
10: General Electric Company Brief description
General Electric Company (GE) is a diversified technology, media and financial services company. The company’s products and services include aircraft engines, power generation, water processing, security technology, medical imaging, business and consumer financing, media content and industrial products. GE serves customers in more than 100 countries. The company operates through five segments: Energy Infrastructure, Technology Infrastructure, NBC Universal (NBCU), Capital Finance and Consumer & Industrial.
Country
United States Year/Business Segments
Revenues
2009
Business Segments
112,752
Aviation - Engines (11.9%)
13,468
Energy infrastructure (15.1%)
26,705
Technology infrastructure (15.1%)
17,077
NBC Universal (9.8%)
11,101
Capital Finance (32.3%)
36,405
Consumer & Industrial (602%)
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
13,468
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
-9.6%
7,439
6.6%
6,978
Other (0.9%)
1,017
2008
124,733
-1.1%
13,519
10.8%
2007
126,058
4.3%
20,118
16.0%
11: L-3 Communications
Brief description
L-3 Communications is a prime system contractor in aircraft modernization and maintenance, command, control, communications, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (C3ISR) systems, and government services. L-3 is also a provider of technology products, subsystems and systems. The Company has four segments: C3ISR, Government services, aircraft modernization and maintenance (AM&M), and Electronic systems. The C3ISR segment provides products and services for the global intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) market. The Government services segment provide a range of engineering, technical, information technology (IT), advisory, training and support services. The aircraft modernization and maintenance segment provide modernization, upgrades and sustainment, maintenance and logistics support services. The electronic systems segment provides a range of products, including components, products, subsystems, systems and related services
Country
United States Year/Business Segments
Revenues
2009 C3ISR Business Segments
11,230 (203%)
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
11,230
10.3%
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
1,191
10.6%
2,281
247
10.8%
Government services (27.2%)
3,052
286
9.4%
Aircraft modernization & maint.(18.8%)
2,116
175
8.3%
Electronic systems (37%)
4,152
483
11.6%
Other (-3.3%)
(373)
-
NA
2008
10,183
-0.2%
1,152
11.3%
2007
10,203
2.6%
1,058
10.4%
12: Safran
Brief description
Safran SA is a France-based high-technology company, which operates through its four divisions. The Aerospace and Spatial Propulsion division provides engines, turbines and parts for aircraft, helicopters, missiles and rocket boosters for civil, military and spatial markets through several subsidiaries, including Snecma, Turbomeca and others. The Aeronautic Equipment division produces mechanical, hydro-mechanical and electro-mechanical equipment for the aeronautics industry through its subsidiaries, including Messier-Dowty International Ltd and Aircelle. The Defence division offers solutions and services, such as avionic and navigation equipment, optronic systems, as well as electronic solutions and critical software for civil and defence markets. The Security division consists of detection systems, identification systems, control and security solutions, biometric identification systems, bank cards and secure transaction solutions.
Country
France Year/Business Segments
2009
Business Segments
Revenues
10,448
Aerospace propulsion (54.3%)
5,673
Aircraft equipment (26.5%)
2,767
Defence (10.2%)
1,061
Security (8.7%) Other (0.4%)
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
10,448
1.2%
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
2,142
9.6%
904 43
2008
10,329
-1.2%
2,611
10.5%
2007
10,222
1.1%
2,439
9.6%
Appendix A-iv
13: Honeywell International Brief description
Honeywell International Inc. (Honeywell) is a diversified technology and manufacturing company, serving customers globally with aerospace products and services, control, sensing and security technologies for buildings, homes and industry, turbochargers, automotive products, specialty chemicals, electronic and advanced materials, process technology for refining and petrochemicals, and energy efficient products and solutions for homes, business and transportation. The company operates in four business segments: aerospace, automation and control solutions, specialty materials and transportation systems.
Country
United States Year/Business Segments
Revenues
2009
Business Segments
22,228
Aerospace (34.8%)
7,740
Automation and control solutions (40.8%)
9,069
Specialty materials (13.4%)
2,980
Transportation systems (11%)
2,437
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
7,740
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
-11.0%
2,142
9.6%
Other
1
2008
24,983
-1.2%
2,611
10.5%
2007
25,278
1.1%
2,439
9.6%
14: Thales
Brief description
Thales is a France-based electronics company providing services for the aerospace, defence and security markets worldwide. The company operates through its divisions, including Aerospace, specialized in onboard equipment, electronics and systems for the civil and military markets; Space, offering solutions combining space and terrestrial technologies; Air Systems, engaged in the design and delivery of airspace safety and security solutions; Land & Joint Systems, providing services for land forces; Naval, which supplies equipment and systems for surface combatants and submarines and acts as a systems integrator, and Security Solutions and Services, providing mission-critical information systems for safety and security markets.
Country
France Year/Business Segments
2009
Business Segments
Revenues
12,881
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
7,048
1.7%
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
151
1.2% -7.6%
Aerospace & Space (31.6%)
4,071
(310)
Defence (44.7%)
5,763
544
9.4%
Security (23.1%)
2,977
(11)
-0.4%
Other (0.5%)
(73)
NA
2008
12,665
70 3.0%
877
6.9%
2007
12,296
19.8%
858
7.0%
15: Bombardier
Brief description
Bombardier Inc is a manufacturer of transportation equipment, including business and commercial aircraft and rail transportation equipment and systems, while simultaneously providing related services. The company operates in two segments: aerospace (through BA) and rail transportation (through BT). BA designs and manufactures aviation products while providing related services. BT designs and manufactures rail equipment and system while offering associated services. BT also provides bogies, electric propulsion, control equipment and maintenance services, in addition to offering complete rail transportation systems and rail control solutions. BA’s aircraft portfolio includes a series of business and commercial aircraft such as regional jets, turboprops and single-aisle mainline jets and amphibious aircraft.
Country
Canada Year/Business Segments
2010 Business Segments
Aerospace (44.3%) Rail transportation (51.7%)
Revenues
13,927
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
6,729
3.3%
6,729 7,198
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
790
5.7%
340
5.1%
449
6.2%
2009
13,478
5.3%
977
7.2%
2008
12,794
7.9%
547
4.3%
16: Rolls Royce Group plc Brief description
Rolls Royce Group Plc is an integrated power systems company, operating in civil and defence aerospace, marine and energy markets. The four segments in which the company is active are civil aerospace, defence aerospace, marine and energy. It is a global provider of defence aero-engine products and services with 18,000 engines in service for 160 customers in 103 countries. Rolls Royce’s marine business has more than 2,000 customers and equipment installed on over 30,000 vessels wordwide, including those of 70 navies. The company’s energy business is a supplier of power systems for onshore and offshore oil and gas applications.
Country
United Kingdom continued on next page
Appendix A-v
16: Rolls Royce Group plc — continued Year/Business Segments
2009
Business Segments
Revenues
10,108
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
6,491
10.5%
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
942
9.3%
Civil aerospace (44.3%)
4,481
409
9.1%
Defence aerospace (19.9%)
2,010
247
12.3%
Marine (25.6%)
2,589
263
10.02%
Energy (10.2%)
1,028
23
2.2%
2008
9,147
17.0%
855
9.3%
2007
7,817
6.3%
832
10.6%
17:Textron Brief description
Textron Inc. is a multi-industry company with a global network of aircraft, defence, industrial and finance businesses to provide products and services worldwide. The company operates through four manufacturing segments and one financing segment, The four manufacturing segments are Cessna, Bell, Textron Systems and Industrial. Cessna, in turn, has five major businesses, which comprise Citation business jets, Caravan single-engine utility turboprops, Cessna single-engine piston aircraft, after-market services and lift- solutions by CitationAir. Textron Systems provides products to the defence, aerospace and general aviation markets.
Country
United States Year/Business Segments
Business Segments
Revenues
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
-21.1%
Operating Margin
342
4.5%
7,551
Cessna (31.6%)
2,388
142
6.0%
Bell (27.1%)
2,044
219
10.7%
Textron Systems (18.1%)
1,366
173
12.6%
Industrial (19.8%)
1,494
19
1.3%
260
(211)
-81.4%
Finance (3.4%)
5,797
Operating Profit
2009
2008
9,575
5.7%
992
10.4%
2007
9,059
6.2%
1,153
12.7%
18: Goodrich Brief description
Goodrich Corporation (Goodrich) supplies aerospace components, systems and services to the commercial and general airplane markets. It is also a supplier of systems and products to the global defence and space markets. Its products and services are principally sold to customers in North America, Europe and Asia. The company has three segments: Actuation and Landing Systems, Nacelles and Interior Systems and Electronic Systems. Its products include nacelles, actuation systems, landing gear, aircraft wheels and brakes, intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance systems, sensor systems and power systems.
Country
United States Year/Business Segments
Business Segments
Revenues
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
668
13.9%
1,815
192
10.6%
1,670
371
22.2%
1,322
199
15.0%
2009
4,808
Actuation & landing systems (37.8%) Nacelles & interior systems (34.7%) Electronic systems (27.5%)
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
4,808
-0.4%
Other
-
(93)
NA
2008
4,826
3.3%
752
15.6%
2007
4,672
2.5%
644
13.8%
19: ITT Brief description
ITT Corporation (ITT) is a global engineering and manufacturing company. It designs, manufactures and sales a range of engineered products. The company operates in three business segments: Defence Electronics & Services (Defence segment), Fluid Technology (Fluid segment), and Motion & Flow Control (Motion & Flow segment).
Country
United States Year/Business Segments
Business Segments
Revenues
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
7,842
654
8.3%
Defence (57.7%)
4,528
558
12.3%
Fluid (30.8%)
2,419
283
11.7%
901
85
9.4%
(6)
(272)
NA
Other (-0.1%)
-1.9%
Operating Margin
2009
Motion & Flow (11.5%)
4,528
Operating Profit
2008
7,992
21.5%
827
10.3%
2007
6,580
-15.7%
714
10.9%
Appendix A-vi
20: Embraer Brief description
Embraer manufactures commercial and defence aircraft. The company also has a string of executive jets based on one of its regional jet platforms and has launched new executive jets in the entry-level, light, ultra-large and mid-light/mid-size categories, namely, the Phenom 100/300 family, the Lineage 1000 and the Legacy 450/500 family, respectively
Country
Brazil Year/Business Segments
Business Segments
Revenues
2009
3,931
Commercial aviation (61.6%)
2,422
Executive aviation (16.4%)
645
Aviation services (10.8%)
423
Defence (9.1%)
359
Others (2.1%)
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
3,931
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
-9.2%
241
6.1%
83
2008
4,329
12.9%
367
8.5%
2007
3,833
27.9%
273
7.1%
21: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Brief description
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. is a Japan-based manufacturer. It has six divisions. The Marine Vessel and Ocean division’s core products include oil tankers, container ships, passenger ships, car ferries and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) ships. The Power Engine division’s main products include boilers, turbines, windmills, diesel engines, nuclear equipment, seawater desalination equipment and pumps. The Machinery and Iron Structure division’s major products include exhaust fume treatment equipment, waste treatment systems, traffic systems, cranes, bridges, chimney pipes and tanks. The Aviation and Space division’s main products include helicopters, space equipment, aircrafts and torpedoes. The Medium-size Product division’s core products include forklifts, construction machinery, engines, tractors and agricultural machinery. The Others division specializes in the purchase and sale of real estate, as well as the provision of printing, leasing and information-related services
Country
Japan Year/Business Segments
Revenues
2011
Business Segments
22,439
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
3,817
-6.4%
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
501
2.2% 7.7%
Power systems (36.3%)
8,134
630
Machinery & steel structures (21.3%)
4,774
23
0.5%
Aerospace (17%)
3,817
(49)
-1.3%
Shipbuilding & ocean development (7.8%)
1,759
111
6.3%
General machinery & special vehicles (9.8%)
2,188
(177)
-8.1%
Air-conditioning & refrigeration systems (4.7%)
1,048
(76)
-7.2%
Machine tool, others (5%)
1,120
39
3.5%
Other (-1.8%)
(406)
-
NA
2009
23,967
20.9%
752
3.1%
2008
19,827
-3.3%
842
4.2%
22: Harris Corporation
Brief description
Harris Corporation (Harris), together with its subsidiaries, is an international communications and information technology company serving government and commercial markets in more than 150 countries. The company operates in three segments: RF Communications segment, Government Communications Systems segment and Broadcast Communications segment. Its RF Communications segment consists of its tactical radio communications and public safety and professional communications businesses. Its Government Communications Systems segment consists of its defence programs, national intelligence programs, civil programs and information technology (it) services businesses. Its Broadcast Communications segment consists of its workflow, infrastructure and networking solutions, media and transmission systems businesses.
Country
United States Year/Business Segments
Business Segments
Revenues
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
611
16.1%
515
34.2%
1,955
245
12.5%
354
(22)
-6.3%
2010
3,787
RF communications (39.7%)
1,504
Government communications systems (51.6%)
Broadcast communications (9.3%) Other (-0.7%)
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
3,459
2.6%
(126)
NA
2009
3,692
(26) 19.2%
358
9.7%
2010
3,097
8.8%
450
14.5%
Appendix A-vii
23: Dassault Aviation Brief description
Dassault Aviation SA is a France-based company that operates in the global civil and military aviation industry. The company specializes in the design, manufacture and sale of combat aircraft and executive jets. Its portfolio of products includes Falcon family for the civil aviation market, as well as Mirage 2000 and Rafale aircraft for the military sector. In addition, Dassault Aviation SA offers spare parts, tools and a range of services, such as technical support, maintenance and repair of airframe equipment and parts, among others.
Country
France Year/Business Segments
2009 Business Segments
Defence (28.7%)
Revenues
3,421
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
3,421
-8.7%
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
393
11.5%
981
28.7%
Falcon - Executive jets (71.3%)
2,440
71.3%
2008
3,748
-8.2%
446
11.9%
2007
4,085
23.7%
504
12.3%
24: Alliant Techsystems Inc. Brief description
Alliant Techsystems Inc. is an aerospace and defence company. ATK is a producer of military small-caliber ammunition for use in soldier-carried weapons, such as automatic and semi-automatic rifles, and machine guns. It is also one of the producers of military large-caliber ammunition used by tanks. ATK is the manufacturer of solid rocket motors. The company produces other large solid rocket motors used to launch, or help launch, a variety of strategic missiles, and launch vehicles for satellite insertions.
Country
United States Year/Business Segments
Business Segments
Revenues
Operating Profit
Operating Margin
363
10.7%
1,534
182
11.9%
Mission systems
899
97
10.8%
Space systems
973
98
10.0%
Other
-
(14)
NA
2009
3,242
9.9%
272
8.4%
2008
2,950
304
10.3%
2010
3,406
Armament systems
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
3,406
6.1%
5.1%
25: Spirit Aero Systems Holding Brief description
Spirit AeroSystems Holdings, Inc. (Holdings) is an independent non-OEM (original equipment manufacturer) aircraft parts designer and manufacturer of commercial aero structures to Boeing. In addition, the company is a supplier of aero structures to Airbus. The company manufactures aero structures for every Boeing commercial aircraft in production, including the airframe content for the Boeing B737. The company operates in three segments: Fuselage Systems, Propulsion Systems and Wing Systems.
Country
United States Year/Business Segments
Business Segments
Revenues
2009
2,933
Fuselage systems (49.1%)
Aero Revenue Revenue Growth
2,933
13.8%
Operating Profit
218
Operating Margin
7.4%
1,441
207
14.4%
Propulsion systems (25.3%)
741
88
11.9%
Wing systems (25.1%)
737
15
2.0%
Other (0.5%)
(92)
NA
2008
2,578
15 -8.6%
277
10.8%
2007
2,822
10.4%
306
10.9%
Appendix A-viii
IMAP’s Industrials Sector Team
Finland
Terhi Alanko
[email protected]
Argentina
Mario Hugo Azulay
[email protected] Armando Fejler
[email protected] Diego Galiana
[email protected] Eduardo Rodriguez
[email protected]
Brazil
Andre Pereira
[email protected]
Denmark
Kai Bech Andersen
[email protected]
Italy
Toni Ferrante
[email protected]
France
Michel Champsaur
[email protected]
Spain
Francisco Asís GÓmez Ruiz
[email protected]
Germany
Johannes Eckhard
[email protected]
United Kingdom
United States
Christoph Kloberdanz
[email protected]
Constantine Biller
[email protected]
Kerry Dustin
[email protected]
Peter Mueller
[email protected]
Robert Britton
[email protected]
Brad Harse
[email protected]
Jan Steinbaecher
[email protected]
John Clarke
[email protected]
S. Scott Isherwood
[email protected]
Wolfgang Wagner
[email protected]
Jon Hustler
[email protected]
Ted Johnston
[email protected]
For a comprehensive list of IMAP advisors and to discover how IMAP can help you with your M&A transaction, go to www.imap.com.
Page 22
Cross-border M&A requires local knowledge and experience. IMAP advisors located around the world have successfully completed thousands of M&A transactions. Let IMAP help you with your M&A project in 2011. Please visit www.imap.com for more information.
Page 23
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